Chapter 2.1


Vocabulary



Earthquake:shaking/trembling of rocks underneath Earth's surface
Stress:the force that acts/pushes on a rock to change it
Shearing:form of stress that pushes two large pieces of rock in opposite directions
Tension:form of stress that pulls apart a rock so that the middle is thinner than that of the sides/edges
Compression:form of stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
Deformation:change of volume or shape in Earth's crust
Fault:a place where two rocks have slipped past each other
Strike-slip Fault:a fault where two rocks have slipped past each other with very little to no up-down motion
Normal Fault: a normal fault is at an angle, so that one side is on top, and the other is on the bottom
Reverse Fault:similar structure to a normal fault except for that they move differently
Fault-block mountain: A mountain that forms where a normal fault lifts a block of rock.
Fold: A bend in rock that forms where part of the Earth's crust is compressed.
Anticline: A fold in the rock that bends upward
Syncline: A fold in the rock that bends downward
Plateau: A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level.

Outline



Stress in the crust

  • earthquake
    • shaking and trembles in earth
  • stress
    • movement in earth's plates
  • types of stress
    • shearing
      • pushes mass of rock
    • compression
      • pushes rock together
    • tension
      • pulls on the crust
    • deformation
      • any change in the earth's volume

Kinds of fault


  • fault
    • break in earth's crust
  • strike-slip fault
    • created by shearing
  • normal fault
    • tension in earth's crust
  • hanging wall
    • the half of fault below
  • reverse fault
    • compression forces produce
  • footwall
    • the half of fault above

Mountains formed by faulting

  • fault-block mountains
  • Mountains formed my folding
    • folds
      • bends in rock

Anticlines and synclines

  • anticlines
    • fold in rock bends upward
  • synclines
    • fold in rock bends downward

Plateaus

  • plateaus
    • a large flat land

Diagram(s)



Syncline,_Anticline.jpg



stress.jpg

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